Ferrous alloys



Patented July 7, 195 3 .5'1

V r FER ROUS ALLO YS I Mathias L: Eder, .Ca'nton, -hio'; =Louise' J. Eden. I ex trixz; of said;- Mathias L. :Eder, deceased,-

assignor toLouise J. Eder, (Janton,.0hiov No Drawing, Application February 20, 1950, I se al No. 145,315

10 Claims, (01. 75-428) The invention relates toferrous alloys and more particularly .to ahard-facing ferrous alloy which is especially adapted for. use in the form of weld ing rods or in castings. The practice .of hard-facing equipment sub jectto severe abrasions or impact, or 'both, is well known in those industrieswhich are continuously confronted with the high cost of replacing. certain parts that wear out rapidly. However, because'of the high cost .of goodhard-facing: metals, this practice has, been confined in some; industries, such as earth removing equipment, to a relatively small number of parts where extreme abrasion isencountered andwhere the area to becoated is quite small. a.-

On larger surfaces that require considerable hard-facing metal, the high-cost of .-the expensive hard-facing metals nowin-general use, together with the labor of-making the applications, is too high for the average operating man to gamble with, even though he ,believed that hard-facing would eventually show a saving, 1 I For this reason hard-facing is not used inmany.

cases where it is badly needed and would increase the efficiency of equipmentby maintaining-the original dimensionsxfor a much longer; period of time in service. 1.

The high costof thealloy-types of hardefacing rods is due to the large amounts of a number of expensive alloys contained therein. This has come about because these welding rods were developed not only. to resist ordinary abrasionand impact, but also wearcaused by other feature such as high temperatures", corrosion, the erosive action of super-heated steam and the like, requiring certain combinations of such alloysfin order to-obtain all of'the properties required for such a wide range of applications.

Hard-facing alloys are generally grouped and rated by the alloy content, and the service expected is usually measured by the amount of alloys contained in the welding rod or casting.

The A. S. M. Metals Handbook, 1948 edition, at page 722, groups hard-facing alloys as follows:

Group 1. Alloy steels that contain less than of alloying elements.

Group 2. Ferrous alloys that contain more than 20% of alloying elements.

Group 3. Nonferrous alloys.

Group 4. So called diamond substitutes.

Group 5. Crushed tungsten carbides of various screen sizes. I

The present invention is not concerned with the last three groups. Group 1 contains less than 20% of alloying elements and has greater'toughness and resistance to shock than the alloys of group 2, although it is not as hard and has less resistance to'abrasion than the higher priced alloys of group 2. Y

The present invention contemplates the provision of a ferrous alloywith less than 20% of alloying' elements, which will retain the inherent 1 toughness and resistance to shock of the alloys of group 1 and will at the same time have equal or better' resistance to. abrasion than the alloys of-group 2 so as to combine both groups 1 and 2.

Another object is to provide ferrous alloys for hardfacing and casting purposes that have resistance to both wear and abrasion: on hot and cold applications. e v

A further object is'to provide a low price'd ferrous alloy-for hard-facing and casting purposes which has a high resistance to' wear and abrasion as well as to impact.

A still further-object is to provide a ferrous alloy for hard-facing and casting purposes which has a high resistance to wear and abrasion and which contains considerably lessthan'*20% of alloying elements. Y The above, together with other objects, which will beapparent fromthe following description or-which may-be later referred to, may be-at tained by carrying out the invention in the man-- ner hereinafter described in detail.

The improved hard-facing ferrous alloy to which the invention pertains is a lower priced alloy for the general abrasive field, produced by limiting the use of theexpensive alloys ordinarily usedfor such purpose so as to produce a metal that will give excellent service at a reasonable cost.

This ferrous alloy has sufiicient red hardness to withstand the heat generated by friction, and-is also suitable for ordinary steel mill applications where moderate high temperatures are encountered, beside having excellent resistance to abrasion and great toughness, which will withstand severe shock and impact.

This alloy has the following analysis range.

carbon chromium nickel molybdenum vanadium Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent l to 3.75 1 to 3 1 to 3 .25 to 3 This alloy has a hardness of 35 to Rockwell C. and the hardness can be controlled by varying the amounts of the ferrous alloys to meet the the best features of amount of copper to the above analysis, either with or without the silicon, the amount ofcopper,

varying from .50% to 2%.

It has been Q 1.5% silicon, and about 125% to 3% vanadium,

the remainder of said alloy being iron.

2. A ferrous alloy containing about 3% carbon, about 3%v chromium, about 3% nickel, about 1% molybdenum, and about 50% vanadium, the remainder of said alloy being iron. 3. A ferrous" alloy containing about 3% carbon, about'3% chromium, about 3% nickel, about 1% molybdenum, about 1.5% silicon, and about 50% vanadium, the remainder of said alloy being iron.

An example of an alloymadeing-accordance with the invention, which...-actual.-ser.vice.tests have proven has given longer life-than metals in the above mentioned group 2 of the following 1 analysis: v H

chromium nickel molybdenum vanadium carbon Percent Percent ,Percent Percent Percent. 3 3 l w .50 3

An alloy of this analysis has given excellent re: sults for hard-facing the hammers ofhammer mills.

This alloy can be used efliciently in the general abrasive field, such as earth moving machinery, coal crushing machinery, brick and clay machinery, steel plant applications where heat and abrasion are encountered, such as slag andcoke handling apparatus, cement machinery and other industries where severe abrasion and impact are encountered.

The addition of about 1.5% silicon to this analysis will increase the hardness of-thealloy, and a small amount of copper, .50%;to, 2% may also be added if desired with very good results.

Thus, lower priced hard-facing ferro alloys for Welding rods and castings for the general abrasive field, produced by limiting the use of the expensive alloying elements generally used, produces a metal that will give excellent service at areasonable cost.

Besides having great toughness which will withstand severe shock and impact, this metal has excellent resistance to abrasion and is thus a considerable advantage over the high' priced welding rods at present in use which have great hardness but lack the toughness necessary to withstand the combination of abrasion and severe shock or impact. 7 Y

- I claim:

1. Aferrous alloy containing about 1 to 3.75% carbon, about 1% to 3% chromium, about -1% to 3% nickel, about 25% to 4% molybdenum, "about '4. A ferrous alloy containing about 3% carbon, .about;3%-. chromium, about 3% nickel, about 1% molybdenum, about .50 to 2% copper, and about -.50% vanadium, the remainder of said alloy being iron.

"5". A ferrous alloy containing about 3% carbon,

"about 3% chromium, about 3% nickel, about 1% molybdenum, about 1.5% silicon, about 50% to 2% copper, and about,;.50% vanadium, the remainder of said alloybeing iron.

6. A ferrous alloy containing about'3% carbon, about 3% chromium, about 3% nickel, about 1% molybdenum, about .50% vanadium, up to 2% copper, up to 1.50% silicon, the copper when present being at least .50% and the silicon' whe'n present being in an amount of about 1.50%, the remainder of said alloy being iron.

'7. A ferrous alloy containing about l% to 3.75% carbon, about 3% chromium, about 3% nickel, about 4% molybdenum, about 3% vanadium, the remainder of said alloy being iron.

8. A ferrous alloy containing about 1% to 3.75% carbon, about 3% chromium, about3% nickel, about 1% molybdenum, about .50% vanadium, the remainder .of said alloy beingiron. 7

9. A ferrous alloy containing about 3% carbon, about 1% to 3%"chromium, about 1% to 3% nickel, about .25% to 4% molybdenumand-about 25% to 3% vanadium,- up. to 2% copper, upto 1.50% silicon, the copper when present being at least 50% and the silicon when present being in an amount of about 1.50%,the remainder of said alloy being iron, 7 g o I 10. Aferrous alloycontaining about 3% car bon, about 1%" to 3% chromium, about 1% to 3% nickel, about .25% to 4% molybdenum, and about .25%'to'3% vanadium, the remainder-of said-alloy beingiron.

-. MArmssn EDER.

References Cited in seine or this patent. FOREIGN'PATENTS" Number Country I 'V Date 411,321 Great Britain l- June '7, 193.4.

France May 5-, 1941. 

1. A FERROUS ALLOY CONTAINING ABOUT 1% TO 3.75% CARBON, ABOUT 1% TO 3% CHROMIUM, ABOUT 1% TO 3% NICKEL, ABOUT .25% TO 4% MOLYBDENUM, ABOUT 1.5% SILICON, AND ABOUT .25% TO 3% VANADIUM, THE REMAINDER OF SAID ALLOY BEING IRON. 